INTRODUCTION
Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space. An interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and manages such enhancement projects.
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Interior layout and sketch
Commercial interior design and management
In the mid-to-late 19th century, interior design services expanded greatly, as the middle class in industrial countries grew in size and prosperity and began to desire the domestic trappings of wealth to cement their new status. Large furniture firms began to branch out into general interior design and management, offering full house furnishings in a variety of styles.
Mid-century
This business model flourished from the mid-century to 1914, when this role was increasingly usurped by independent, often amateur, designers. This paved the way for the emergence of the professional interior design in the mid-20th century.
Transition to professional interior design
By the turn of the 20th century, amateur advisors and publications were increasingly challenging the monopoly that the large retail companies had on interior design. English feminist author Mary Hawes wrote a series of widely read essays in the 1880s in which she derided the eagerness with which aspiring middle-class people furnished their houses according to the rigid models offered to them by the retailers. She advocated the individual adoption of a particular style, tailor-made to the individual needs and preferences of the customer.
Expansion
The interior design profession became more established after World War II. From the 1950s onwards, spending on the home increased. Interior design courses were established, requiring the publication of textbooks and reference sources. Historical accounts of interior designers and firms distinct from the decorative arts specialists were made available. Organizations to regulate education, qualifications, standards and practices, etc. were established for the profession.
Different interior designs
ROLE AND QUALIFICATIONS
Interior design was previously seen as playing a secondary role to architecture. It also has many connections to other design disciplines, involving the work of architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, craftsmen, etc.
Standardization
For these reasons, the government of interior design standards and qualifications was often incorporated into other professional organizations that involved design. Organizations such as the Chartered Society of Designers, established in the UK in 1986, and the American Designers Institute, founded in 1938, governed various areas of design.
Interior designer
Interior designer implies that there is more of an emphasis on planning, functional design and the effective use of space, as compared to interior decorating. An interior designer in fine line design can undertake projects that include arranging the basic layout of spaces within a building as well as projects that require an understanding of technical issues such as window and door positioning, acoustics, and lighting.
Interior of a room
Architects and engineers
Although an interior designer may create the layout of a space, they may not alter load-bearing walls without having their designs stamped for approval by a structural engineer. Interior designers often work directly with architects, engineers and contractors.
Color in interior design
Color is a powerful design tool in decoration, as well as in interior design, which is the art of composing and coordinating colors together to create a stylish scheme on the interior architecture of the space. It is essential to interior designers to acquire a deep experience with colors, understand their psychological effects, and understand the meaning of each color in different locations and situations in order to create suitable combinations for each place.
Painter and decorator work table with house project, color swatches, painting roller, brush and tools, top view
Specialties
An electric wire reel reused as a center table at a Rio de Janeiro decoration fair
Residential
Residential design is the design of the interior of private residences. As this type design is very specific for individual situations, the needs and wants of the individual are paramount in this area of interior design. The interior designer may work on the project from the initial planning stage or may work on the remodeling of an existing structure. It is often a very involved process that takes months to fine-tune and create a space with the vision of the client.
Commercial
Commercial design encompasses a wide range of subspecialties.
Retail:
includes malls and shopping centers, department stores, specialty stores, visual merchandising, and showrooms.
Visual and spatial branding:
The use of space as a medium to express a corporate brand.
Corporate:
office design for any kind of business such as banks.
Healthcare:
the design of hospitals, assisted living facilities, medical offices, dentist offices, psychiatric facilities, laboratories, medical specialist facilities.
Hospitality and recreation:
include hotels, motels, resorts, cruise ships, cafes, bars, casinos, nightclubs, theatres, music and concert halls, opera houses, sports venues, restaurants, gyms, health clubs and spas, etc.
Institutional:
government offices, financial institutions (banks and credit unions), schools and universities, religious facilities, etc.
Industrial facilities:
manufacturing and training facilities as well as import and export facilities.
Exhibition:
includes museums, gallery, exhibition hall, especially the design for showroom and exhibition gallery.
Traffic building:
includes bus station, subway station, airports, pier, etc.
Sports:
includes gyms, stadiums, swimming rooms, basketball halls, etc.
Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_design#cite_note-wiley-9
